Bài 1:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy+2=2x+y\left(1\right)\\2xy+y^2+3y=6\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow xy-y+2-2x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-2\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(x=1\). Thay vào (2) ta được:

\(2y+y^2+3y=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+5y-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+y-6y-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(y+1\right)-6\left(y+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+1\right)\left(y-6\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(y=2\). Thay vào (2) ta được:

\(2x.2+2^2+3.2=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x+4+6=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm (x,y) \(\in\left\{\left(1;-1\right),\left(1;6\right),\left(-1;2\right)\right\}\)

Bài 2:

\(f\left(x\right)=x^4+6x^3+11x^2+6x\)

\(=x\left(x^3+6x^2+11x+6\right)\)

\(=x\left(x^3+x^2+5x^2+5x+6x+6\right)\)

\(=x\left[x^2\left(x+1\right)+5x\left(x+1\right)+6\left(x+1\right)\right]\)

\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)

\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+3x+2x+6\right)\)

\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x+3\right)+2\left(x+3\right)\right]\)

\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)

b) Ta có: \(f\left(x\right)+1=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)+1\)

\(=x\left(x+3\right).\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)+1\)

\(=\left(x^2+3x\right).\left(x^2+3x+2\right)+1\)

\(=\left(x^2+3x\right)^2+2\left(x^2+3x\right)+1\)

\(=\left(x^2+3x+1\right)^2\)

Vì x là số nguyên nên \(f\left(x\right)+1\) là số chính phương.

Xét \(f\left[f\left(x\right)+x\right]=\left[f\left(x\right)+x\right]^2+m\left[f\left(x\right)+x\right]+n\)

\(=\left(x^2+mx+n+x\right)^2+m\left(x^2+mx+n+x\right)+n\)

\(=\left(x^2+mx+n\right)^2+2x\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+x^2+m\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+mx+n\)

\(=\left(x^2+mx+n\right)^2+2x\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+m\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+\left(x^2+mx+n\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+mx+n\right)\left(x^2+mx+n+2x+m+1\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+mx+n\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+m\left(x+1\right)+n\right]\)

\(=f\left(x\right).f\left(x+1\right)\)

Thay \(x=2021\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left[f\left(2021\right)+2021\right]=f\left(2021\right).f\left(2022\right)\)

Đặt \(f\left(2021\right)+2021=k\)

Do \(f\left(x\right)\) có hệ số m;n nguyên \(\Rightarrow k\) nguyên

\(\Rightarrow f\left(k\right)=f\left(2021\right).f\left(2022\right)\) với k nguyên 

Hay tồn tại số nguyên k thỏa mãn yêu cầu

Tham khảo:

Nhẩm nghiệm ta lấy ước của hệ số tự do đem chia cho 1

thay vào rồi thì sẽ biết

\(f'\left(x\right)=4sin\left(3x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\cdot\left[sin\left(3x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\right]'\\ =4\left(3x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)'cos\left(3x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)sin\left(3x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\\ =6sin\left(6x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\)

Vì \(-1\le sin\left(6x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\le1\Rightarrow-6\le6sin\left(6x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\le6\Leftrightarrow-6\le f'\left(x\right)\le6\)

Vậy \(\left|f'\left(x\right)\right|\le6\forall x\)